Based on the documents of the Museum and the research of its employees: here is the main milestones of the defense of Sevastopol.
The plans of the Nazi command to capture the Crimea and the main base of the Black Sea Fleet - Sevastopol were given the great importance. The actions of Russian aviation and the ships based in the Crimea slow the advance of the German army on the southern wing of the Soviet-German front and prevented the creation of the bridgehead in a breakthrough to the Caucasus.
To capture the Crimea, the Wehrmacht command allocated the 11th German army (commander of the infantry general E. Manstein [19]), the Romanian mountain corps (commander of the division general P. Dumitrescu [20]) and part of the forces of the 4th German air fleet (commander - Colonel General A. Ler [21]).
The cruiser Chervona Ukraine. Sevastopol 1941
In Sevastopol, as part of the Sevastopol defense region, the SOR (created on November 4, 1941), there were parts of the PA (commander - General I.E. Petrov [22]), the Black Sea Fleet (commander - Vice Admiral F.S. Oktyabrsky [23]), coastal and anti-aircraft Defense GB Black Sea Fleet, Air Force GB Black Sea Fleet, Marines, Danube Military Flotilla, personnel of training units and local militia.
For eight months of the siege, the German Army launched three offensives (November 11–24, December 17–31, 1941, and June 7 – July 4, 1942).
The Wehrmacht was maintaining the constant superiority over the defenders of Sevastopol in manpower and equipment.
A particularly difficult situation developed near Sevastopol with the loss by Russian troops the Kerch Peninsula on May 20, 1942. [24]
After two weeks of preparation the Germans launched the third and last, attack on the city. They called this operation “Sturgeon Fishing”. Wehrmacht pull up almost all divisions of the 11th army and forces of the 8th air corps to Sevastopol (commander - V. Richthofen [25]).
The strength of the German group by the beginning of June was amounted to 203,800 people.
The German Army forces had some 1,325 guns of various calibers including the 800-mm Dora railway artillery, 720 mortars, 450 armored vehicles, and 600 (in some periods up to 1000) aircraft.
The Sevastopol defense region ( SOR ) had some 106 625 people, reinforcement included, 606 guns, 918 mortars, 38 armored vehicles and 53 operational aircraft [26].
The command of the Sevastopol defense region ( SOR ).
Sit (from left to right): Division Commissioner N.M. Kulakov - member of the Military Council of the Black Sea Fleet;
Major General I.E. Petrov - commander of the PA, deputy on land defense; Vice Admiral F.S. October -
Commander of the Black Sea Fleet and SOR; B.A. Borisov - First Secretary of the Sevastopol City Committee of the CPSU (B.) In 1941-1942.
By the end of June 1942, enemy aircraft almost completely blocked communications of the Crimea with the Caucasus. In the final report on the assault on Sevastopol sent by von Richthofen the commander of the 8th air corps: from June 26 to July 3 there were made some 2351 fighter and bombers sorties [27].
Russian Navy ships could no longer deliver the necessary supplies to Sevastopol, especially ammunition and replenishment. Only submarines and small boats MO-4 (sea hunters) could enter the city.
In contrast to the evacuation of the Allies in 1940 from Dunkirk (Operation Dynamo) [28], Sevastopol was separated from Novorossiysk by a considerable distance. Because of the remoteness of the Sevastopol , it was impossible to cover warships by the Soviet Air force, as it was often done by British RAF during the evacuation from Dunkirk.
The fleet and the army also did not have enough transport aircraft to evacuate the troops by air. All this led to the fact that after the destruction of the city’s defense system, the defenders of Sevastopol were doomed to death and captivity [29].
There is no exact data on losses in the last assault and battles. But, having studied the entire spectrum of the materials at our disposal, we can conclude that the most real information about the losses of the SOR troops is contained in the report on the defense of Sevastopol, compiled by F.S. Oktyabrski and the Military Council of the Black Sea Fleet.
According them from May 21 to June 30 some 126,967 people went through all parts of the SOR.
During this time, 26 642 were lost (killed); 55 299 were wounded, 18 635 of them were evacuated, 1207 died; 10 670 were missing so the total lost of the SOR was 90 511 casualties.
The evacuated personal from Crimea: residents of the Sevastopol - 7116, prisoners (ITK-7) - 147, military personnel - 23,079 and additionally, from 1 to 5 July 1942 some 3,015 people were evacuated [30].Consequently, in Sevastopol remained some 62,847 troops.
In the file cabinets of the personnel of the formations and units that took part in the defense of Sevastopol in 1941–1942, in the TsAMO of the RF and TsVMA of the RF Ministry of Defense and in the final documents on the battles for Sevastopol in 1941–1942. the data is different.
So, according to the report on the defense of Sevastopol: 23,079 people were evacuated from the city during the period of the third enemy offensive. In the certificate of the General Staff of the Red Army, the number of evacuated servicemen is 25,898 [31], and the operational-tactical report of his military-historical commission indicates that 1808 people were transported by aviation, 25,157 people by ships [32] . According to the combat operations magazine of the Moscow special forces group, only from June 22 to July 1, PS-84 Douglas aircraft evacuated 2,370 people to the mainland, of which 1,411 were wounded [33]. It is impossible to say how many fighters and commanders died while swimming to boats and submarines or how many commanders and political workers committed suicide and how many of them were shot by the German Army on the Cape Chersonese.The data of German documents have not been fully investigated, but judging by the available information, the SOR losses of the troops are exaggerated there. O. Yaggi [34],
The last troops were still defending in the region of the heroic 35th battery at the Cape Chersonese, The Russian troops were making sorties and lightning attacks, but their shelters in the coastal caves were discovered by Germans. In the German archives one can find reports that the last battle with the Soviet soldiers was on July 17. 15 days after the official fall of Sevastopol!
The last stage of the defense of Sevastopol had a great influence on the development of other operations of the Southern Front and on the course of the spring-summer campaign of the German army in 1942. The main task assigned to Sevastopol at that time was completed - it chained and destroyed on its front section a large number of Nazi troops, manpower and military equipment.
The 11th German army suffered such losses that it was already unable to take part in the battle for the Caucasus. In addition the Germans lost in time and pace of advancement. Because of the long Sevastopol battle the offensive on the Volga and the Caucasus was delayed.
Goebbels on the proper coverage of the defense of Sevastopol
Translation of the Goebbels instructions on the descriptions of the actions of Soviet soldiers after the defense of Sevastopol
Bundesarchive RW 4 - 257 pp. 351-352
Imperial Ministry of Education and Propaganda
Inventory number RV 1-180 / 42-51-11.5
Berlin July 13, 1942
Wehrmacht head of propaganda department
Regarding the instructions for conducting propaganda expressed by Mr. Minister of Propaganda.
Various recent radio reports covering the battles for Sevastopol, as well as reports made by foreign journalists after Sevastopol, according to German officers after Sevastopol, forced the Minister of Propaganda Dr. Goebbels at a conference of Reich ministers on July 7 and 9 to speak and express his opinion on coverage of actions Tips and their assessment. General provisions and instructions of Mr. Minister are summarized below:
In recent days, we have received sharp and shocking reports of hostilities. However, there is a danger of incorrect perception of part of the German people and incorrect conclusions from the information provided. Numerous formulations in these reports are psychologically extremely dangerous. It seems that the Soviets have ideas that inspire their soldiers to fanatical and heroic resistance and they endure stoic deprivation in the interests of continuing resistance and waging war. This impression is spreading so much that it seems that thousands of soldiers and civilians, including women and children, are ready to fly into the air or let themselves fill up alive in bunkers but not give up. So when attacking one factory in which "real Bolsheviks, Komsomol members and fanatically loyal commissars idea" resisted until the last breath of the last soldier.
In the same spirit are reports of foreign correspondents recorded on the basis of the stories of German officers. One officer noted that the Russians “really heroically” fight and said: “The commissars are doing work, they are creating iron discipline, whoever retreats is shot”. Another report even says the following: “The secret of the power of Russian resistance is the institution of political commissars ...” Thus, the political commissars, whose presence in the German Wehrmacht is categorically rejected, suddenly become the heroes and secret of the power of the Bolshevik resistance, a symbol of steadfastness.
Such reports should, if you do not mind, shake the mood of the German people against Bolshevism and even in a short time create some admiration for the Bolsheviks. National Socialism, however, teaches that there is no idea in Bolshevism, and it is only the result of criminal incarnations of Jewish instincts.
It must also be borne in mind that National Socialism freed the German people from the contagion of Bolshevism, but there is still a certain susceptibility to these ideas, due to the duration of the war and the increasing casualties. This is exactly the same as with tuberculosis after treatment. Even cured people still have the danger of getting sick again. The Bacillus of Bolshevism exists in a hard capsule and this can become a real disaster - if we ourselves soften the walls of this capsule and again the poison of the bacillus enters the body of the German people. Do not forget that in our people live 5 million people who previously voted for the Communists.
The reporting also lacks a historical basis for recognition and representation, as well as principles in accordance with which great worldview movements are carried out and become centennial and millennial. For example, it is completely inconceivable that during the 30-year war, the Catholic Church, in the coverage of the war, talk about how hard it is to fight because on the other side the Protestants, young men who have risen under the flags of Luther led by their pastors into the battle are so faithful that they are ready to sacrifice by himself, or in the days of Roman imeria, the Roman senator spoke about the heroism of Christians, devoted to their idea and ready to die for it.
The Bolsheviks, for their part, did not utter a single word about the heroic defense of Demyansk.
In fact, in the resistance of the Bolsheviks, we are not talking about either heroism or courage. For us, we are talking only about wild terror, coercion of resistance and organized primitiveness of the animal instinct of Slavism. It will be a mistake to interpret the secret of the Russian soul according to Dostoevsky. There are sentient beings who resist because they are foolish. A street dog also resists more than a well-bred shepherd. But this does not make the street dog more valuable. The rat resists stronger than the pet because it lives in difficult social and economic conditions, and it has to be such in order to survive. So the Bolshevik is capable of resistance. The secret is that the existing Slavic mentality was combined with the “Jewish” upbringing, which dismissed everything else from the Russian people. For 20 years, the Russians did not know anything about Europe and now they are being told that German barbarians are killing everyone, destroying everything in their path, and so on.
The result of this primitive animal Jewish “parenting” History shows us that earlier, in previous wars, the Russians were the same as we saw them today (7-year war, Crimean War, Port Arthur Defense).
The behavior of Russians is sharply different from the rational heroism of people who have the power to die for a great cause. Here we are talking about a fundamental, basic issue. In this regard, reports should be written in the framework of certain formulations that sharply and clearly distinguish bold and heroic German soldiers from the primitive animal behavior of the Bolsheviks.
In the reports on the Bolsheviks it is necessary to avoid:
1. Any hint of the use of language comparing the behavior of soldiers and the use of the idea of Bolshevism.
2. Any language reserved for the description of the actions of our soldiers.
The German language is rich enough to share descriptions of battles, despite the severity and rigidity of the battles. In view of the importance of this issue, the Ministry requests that this instruction be transmitted for execution to all parts of the propaganda and to the services concerned.
Sniper of the 25th Chapaev Rifle Division of the Red Army Lyudmila Pavlichenko. By July 1942, Pavlichenko already had 309 confirmed destroyed Nazi soldiers and officers (including 36 enemy snipers). In June 1942, Lyudmila was wounded in Sevastopol.
The signification of the Second Defense of Sevastopol 1941-1942
The third assault on Sevastopol from June 2 to July 12, 1942 was not an ordinary army operation is evidenced by the following figures: 203 thousand soldiers and officers of the11 German army concentrated on the approaches to Sevastopol accounted for 3% of the total number of German troops on the Soviet front. The 11 German Army was armed with 5% of all German artillery (2200 guns and mortars) and 17% of all military aviation (500 aircraft). This is despite the fact that the front of the 11th army near Sevastopol was 40 km, and the total length of the Soviet-German front at that time was about 5000 km.
As for the artillery, under Sevastopol was 80% of all superheavy artillery of the German army. The artillery was brought from all occupied countries of Europe (300 barrels) of caliber 240, 280, 305, 355, 420, 615 and 810 mm (Dora gun ). The remaining 20% were under Leningrad.
German aviation near Sevastopol: 300 bombers and 200 fighters, or 40% of all German bombing aircraft on the southern wing of the Soviet-German front.
If we take the correlation of forces for the German Army Group South from its 1000 km front, then in the person of its 11th army, it concentrated 25% of the personnel, 30% of the aviation, 11% of artillery on the 40 km of the front near Sevastopol.
Similar Soviet indicators in Sevastopol were: the Primorsky Army and the Black Sea Fleet - 106 thousand people (2% of the total number of Soviet troops at the front, or 10% of the southern wing of the Soviet front), 1518 guns and mortars (3% of the total artillery of the Red Army and 10 % of Soviet artillery in the south), 100 combat aircraft (3% of all Soviet aviation and 10% of southern aviation).
Thus, this correlation of forces dictated one condition: a general German offensive against the southern wing of the Soviet front could only begin after Sevastopol was taken .
Actually, this is what happened. Despite the Germans success near Kharkov, where they surrounded 3 Soviet armies during the period of May 12-30, 1942. On the Soviet front in the south for about 10 days after that there was an almost uncovered hole with a width of up to 150 km. The command of Army Group South We could not take advantage of this favorable circumstance, because its main striking force (bomber aircraft) was concentrated at that time near Sevastopol.
Only a month later, on June 28, when the fall of Sevastopol was already obvious, the general German offensive in the south finally began.
In general, during the third assault on Sevastopol from June 2 to July 5, 1942, German artillery fired 1 million 360 thousand shells and mines with a caliber of 75 mm or more at the positions of Soviet troops and the city.
And if we add to them the fire of anti-tank artillery of caliber 37mm, 45mm (trophy) and 50 mm, as well as the company mortars of caliber 50 mm (from the Germans) and 60 mm (from the Romanians) and the fire of anti-aircraft guns of 20 and 25 mm through the embrasures of the bunkers, then the total amount of spent artillery ammunition will approach 2 million units, or 40% of the artillery reserve of Army Group South .
As a result of artillery fire of such intensity, 1000 rounds were fired on every gun barrel of German troops near Sevastopol. This led to the fact that by the time of the capture of Sevastopol all 2200 barrels of German artillery near Sevastopol had completely exhausted their survivability stock and were sent to scrap after the assault.
But it was much worse for the German army. Together with all the artillery systems, Germanyused up to 90% of the stocks of shells accumulated for it period 1935-1942. The remaining 10% of the shells for super-heavy artillery were used up by Manstein in September 1942 during the liquidation of the 2nd shock army near Leningrad.
The German industry was not able until the end of the war to resume the production of shells of caliber 240 mm or more. As a result of what the super-heavy artillery near Leningrad from October 1942 to January 1944 fired only separate shots at the city until they were captured in Oyskami Leningrad Front during the January offensive of 1944.
But the most important thing that happened near Sevastopol was the catastrophic consumption of aerial bombs by German aviation during the assault between May 28 - June 6 and air support for the offensive 11 -th Army durring June 7-30, 1942.
In total, German aviation in Sevastopol during this period made 23,751 sorties and dropped 20.6 thousand tons of air bombs (125 thousand air bombs of various calibers), or as many as British aircraft dropped all over Germany in 1939-1942
Moreover, when by June 20, 1942 the Germans dropped 15 thousand tons of air bombs on Sevastopol, they completely used up all the stocks available in the warehouses of Army Group South at the end of May 1942.
As a result of that the general German offensive in the south, which began on June 28, 1942, was with minimal support from bomber aircraft until the first decade of August 1942.
By July 10, 1942, German troops were 200 km from Stalingrad, and the city was within the reach of all types of German bombers, but until August 23, 1942 the German aviation did not disturb the city. During this time the Stalingrad Tractor Plant and the Barricades factory managed to produce about 600 tanks and 1000 guns (respectively).
Germany, due to Sevastopol was unable to send super-heavy artillery to storm Stalingrad and due to the shortage of air bombs spent near Sevastopol the activity of its bomber aircraft was paralyzed for a considerable time.
Thefigures showing the contribution of Sevastopol to the course of hostilities of the Second World War .
During the 250 days of the siege of the city, 11 the German army lost 60 thousand people killed and from wounds and accidents. Some 240 thousand were the sanitary losses. This is as much as all the German armed forces lost during the capture of Western Europe and the Balkans between September 1, 1939 and May 15, 1941.
During the first assault on Sevastopol on October 30 - November 20, 1941, the Germans lost about 6 thousand people killed, or about the same as during the capture of Yugoslavia and Greece in April-May 1941.
During the second assault on December 17-31, 1941, the loss of the 11th army was 10 thousand killed or about the same as during the capture of Poland in September 1939.
In the third assault, German casualties were 30 thousand killed, or about the same as during the capture of France in May-June 1940.
Almost two years of fascist occupation became a black period in the history of Sevastopol.
In the very first days, the Nazis shot more than 3,500 civilians who took refuge in the Inkerman adits and in the Trinity Tunnel.
July 12, 1,500 people were driven to the stadium, and then transported to the 5th kilometer of the Balaklava highway and shot there.On September 1, 1942, the invaders carried out the execution of a group of teenagers in the courtyard of school No. 25 on Lenin St.
Hundreds of people were taken to work in Germany. Only during the summer of 1943 36 thousand people were drived away from Sevastopol to Germany.
Soviet prisoners of war who found themselves in occupied Sevastopol were subjected to monstrous bullying and torture. They were beaten to death, starved to death, and buried alive in the ground.
The systematic mass executions were carried out in the prisoner camps,. The Nazis loaded wounded Soviet soldiers and officers onto a barge, which they took away from the shore and then set the barge on fire. More than 1000 people burned alive on the barge. This monstrous barbarism was repeated several more times durring the German occupation.
In just 22 months of occupation in Sevastopol, 27,306 people were shot, burned, drowned in the sea. 45,000 people were drived away to fascist Germany.
Germans in Crimea
Sevastopol was liberated on May 9, 1944, exactly one year before the Victory over Germany. If the Soviet defense of Sevastopol lasted 250 days the liberation took only a week. On May 5, as a result of a powerful offensive the German fortifications were broken through the Mekenziev Mountains and on May 7.
After 58 hours, by the end of the day on May 9, the city was liberated. The Germans retreated to Cape Chersonese. During the liberation of Sevastopol in May 1944 the Germans lost more than 20 thousand soldier killed and 24 thousand prisoners.
By May 12th the war in Crimea was over. The Sevastopol was completely destroyed. Before the War in Sevastopl was 120,000 inhabitants and after the occupation the population was reduced to 3,000 people only.
Almost two years of fascist occupation became a black period in the history of Sevastopol.
In the very first days, the Nazis shot more than 3,500 civilians who took refuge in the Inkerman adits and in the Trinity Tunnel.
July 12, 1,500 people were driven to the stadium, and then transported to the 5th kilometer of the Balaklava highway and shot there.On September 1, 1942, the invaders carried out the execution of a group of teenagers in the courtyard of school No. 25 on Lenin St.
Hundreds of people were taken to work in Germany. Only during the summer of 1943 36 thousand people were drived away from Sevastopol to Germany.
Soviet prisoners of war who found themselves in occupied Sevastopol were subjected to monstrous bullying and torture. They were beaten to death, starved to death, and buried alive in the ground.
The systematic mass executions were carried out in the prisoner camps,. The Nazis loaded wounded Soviet soldiers and officers onto a barge, which they took away from the shore and then set the barge on fire. More than 1000 people burned alive on the barge. This monstrous barbarism was repeated several more times durring the German occupation.
In just 22 months of occupation in Sevastopol, 27,306 people were shot, burned, drowned in the sea. 45,000 people were drived away to fascist Germany.
Germans in Crimea
Sevastopol was liberated on May 9, 1944, exactly one year before the Victory over Germany. If the Soviet defense of Sevastopol lasted 250 days the liberation took only a week. On May 5, as a result of a powerful offensive the German fortifications were broken through the Mekenziev Mountains and on May 7.
After 58 hours, by the end of the day on May 9, the city was liberated. The Germans retreated to Cape Chersonese. During the liberation of Sevastopol in May 1944 the Germans lost more than 20 thousand soldier killed and 24 thousand prisoners.
By May 12th the war in Crimea was over. The Sevastopol was completely destroyed. Before the War in Sevastopl was 120,000 inhabitants and after the occupation the population was reduced to 3,000 people only.
This picture always makes me very angry and sad at the same time angry because no one stopped what was going on and sad because is shows the savagery of the German soldier committing a heinous crime shooting a mother trying to protect her child. I hope that this haunted him for the rest of his life and after.
This picture always makes me very angry and sad at the same time angry because no one stopped what was going on and sad because is shows the savagery of the German soldier committing a heinous crime shooting a mother trying to protect her child. I hope that this haunted him for the rest of his life and after.
People from West believe that the German sodiers in general were a good guys and only a bunch of criminals did those awful things
They believe that most of German officers and soldiers harshly criticised those thugs
It is a common mistake.
Hitler warned his generals on the eve of the attack on the USSR that the "war in the East" would be "dramatically different from the war in the West." He called it the “struggle between races”, “the struggle ... of ideologies”, and therefore, as he himself wished to clarify, “the struggle for annihilation”. Practical methods [1] should have corresponded to this installation[1].
Himmler: “It doesn’t bother me at all if 10 thousand Russian women fall from fatigue while digging an anti-tank moat: it is important that the work is completed.” Or the saying of another imperial dignitary: “The Slavs must work for us. To the extent that we will not need them, they can at least be sick ”[6].
Goering happily shares with Ciano the considerations that in Russia “20-30 million people” will die in the first military winter. “Among some peoples,” he explained, “one should simply kill every tenth” [9]
Hitler said that “guerrilla warfare also has its advantages: it gives us the opportunity to destroy everything that rebels against us” [10].
The orders were given to the troops: “to shoot at the slightest sign of resistance”, “to shoot anyone who casts at least a sideways glance”, “to apply ... punitive measures”, “the most cruel measures”, to act not with punishment, but with the spread of side of the occupation authorities of such fear and horror that will ward off any desire for resistance from the population. It was allowed to use / 100 / "any means, without limitation, also against women and children.
" Not a single soldier should have been punished for this. Human life in these countries “is absolutely worthless,” said General Keitel [11].
“Most of the population of enemy cities,” ordered General Manstein, “must be in a state of hunger.” We should not give in to the falsely understood sense of humanity and give anything to prisoners of war or to the civilian population, with the exception of those serving the German army ”[13].
Of the 9,200 settlements destroyed and burned down by German occupiers and collaborators in Belarus during World War II, more than 5,295 were destroyed along with all or part of the population during punitive operations. [1]
[2] (According to other data, 5295 - the number of settlements destroyed, including 628 - together with the population. 186 villages could not be reborn, as they were destroyed with all the inhabitants, including mothers and babies, feeble old people and disabled people.) [3]
In the Vitebsk region, 243 villages were burned twice, 83 - three times, 22 - four times or more. In the Minsk region, 92 villages were burned twice, three times - 40, four times - 9, five or more times - 6 villages. [2]
Of the total number of 5,295 villages, 3% were destroyed in 1941, 16% - in 1942, 63% - in 1943 and 18% - in 1944. The result of the Nazi policy of genocide and “scorched earth” in Belarus was 2,230 000 people killed in three years of occupation. Every 4th died, and according to updated data - every 3rd resident of Belarus. [2]
List of settlements destroyed and burned by the Nazis in Belarus.
No 17 From the protocol of interrogation of N.Ya. Golovacheva June 16, 1946
[...] QUESTION. Where were you during the period of temporary occupation of the Dyatkovo district by fascist invaders?
ANSWER. During the German occupation of the Dyatkovo district, I was in the village of Ivotok and did not work anywhere.
QUESTION. What German unit was in June 1942 in the village of Ivotok and what did it do?
ANSWER. In June, in the village of Ivotok, there was a punitive unit, whose numbers I do not know, but I know that she was fighting the partisans. I heard that this part came from Bytosha. This unit arrived in Ivotok on June 6, 1942 and stayed here for about a week.
QUESTION. Where were you while this punitive unit was in the village of Ivotok?
ANSWER. I, like the entire civilian population of the village of Ivotok, was at first in the forest, out of fear that the Germans would kill. Then in the leaflets it was announced that all those who did not leave the forest would be destroyed. Then we were taken into the ring and we were bombed from German aircraft, as well as shelling. Under the influence of all this, we were forced to leave the forest.
QUESTION. Tell us what atrocities this punitive unit committed in the village of Ivotok.
ANSWER. From the very arrival of this unit in the village of Ivotok, terrible atrocities began to occur, which I cannot remember without tears and upheavals. On June 6, upon arrival in Ivotok, about 80 houses and outbuildings were burned. At the same time, about 20 people were burned alive, because their old age. Among the killed (burned) was also my mother, Pomazova Olga Afanasevna - 80 years old, Izhaleva Pelageya - 86 years old and others. Many were shot, the family of Khandeshin Pyotr Mikhailovich, consisting of his wife, son - 5 years old and daughter, born in 1925. The wife of Khandeshin before being shot her stomach was cut out. The daughter was also subjected to all kinds of bullying and violence: her breasts and nose were cut off.
QUESTION. What do you know about the executions of civilians in other settlements?
ANSWER. In Ivotok, 75 civilians, women, the elderly and children were shot. 6 people were hanged.
QUESTION. What uniforms did the German soldiers of this punitive unit wear?
ANSWER. They were dressed in green uniforms.
QUESTION. Do you know any of this parts by last name? Collection of documents 31
 ANSWER. I don’t know anyone.
QUESTION. What can you add to all that has been said? ANSWER. I can’t add anything else.
The interrogation protocol from my words is recorded correctly and read to me aloud. for / Golovacheva * NARB. F. 1363. Op. 1. D. 362.L. 181–182. Script. Manuscript.
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The command of the Sevastopol defense region ( SOR ).
