There is a very famous incident of a White Indian's face being painted totally black from Chicago's frontier history.
William Wells was a "White Indian" adopted by the Miami in the perriod of early Kentucky's settlement. Wells, known as Black Snake, fought with the confederacy of tribes under the Miami Little Turtle, (his father in law), and Blue Jacket, the Shawnee War Chief, that stood up to American incursions in the Ohio country. Wells fought against the Americans at Harmar's Defeat and St. Clair's Defeat. Wells then aligned himself with the Americans, becoming Anthony Wayne's Chief of Scouts during the campaign that culminated in Fallen Timbers. At any rate, years later in 1812, as the Fedral Government's Indian Agent for the Miami and an officer in the Militia, Wells was dispatched to Fort Dearborn, (now Chicago) to help the garrison evacuate in the face of growing animosity and violence from the local Pottowatamie in the wake of the defeat of Tecumseh's confederacy at Tippicanoe.
Wells' experience as a "White Indian", but with his allegience now firmly with the Americans, led him to recognize that by evacuating the fort pursuant to orders to do so from General Hull in Detroit that the garrison and the civilians it was supposed to protect were doomed. Wells is reported to have ridden out of the fort at the head of the column of evacuees with his face painted totally black in the Miami fashion of one who accepted his impending death. Wells was also singing his Miami Death Song. And the Regulars small band of five musicians was playing a dirge, or death march.About a mile from the fort the entire column was either killed or captured. Wells, well know to the Pottowatamie wnet down fighting, whereupon his heart was rent from his chest and eaten by his opponents (picture Colonel Munro's demise in the movie "Last of the Mohicans").
As I look at my John Jenkins, Conte and Frontline Indians with faces and entire bodies painted black I have wondered if they were also showing their preparedness to die in battle as William Wells did almost 200 years ago.
Marc Gaynes
Chicago