Westland Whirlwind - Edited from Wikipedia
The performance of its Peregrine engines fell off at altitude, so the Whirlwind was most often used in ground-attack missions over France, attacking German airfields,
marshalling yards, and railway traffic.
The Whirlwind was used to particularly good effect as a gun platform for destroying locomotives. Some pilots were credited with several trains damaged or destroyed in a mission.
The aircraft was also successful in hunting German E boats in the
English Channel.
At lower altitudes, it could hold its own against the
Messerschmitt Bf 109. Though the Peregrine was a much-maligned engine, it was more reliable than the troubled
Napier Sabre engine used in the
Hawker Typhoon, the Whirlwind's successor.
The twin engines meant that seriously damaged aircraft were able to return with one engine knocked out. The placement of the wings and engines ahead of the cockpit allowed the aircraft to absorb a great deal of damage, while the cockpit area remained largely intact. The rugged frame of the Whirlwind gave pilots greater protection than contemporary aircraft during crash landings and ground accidents.
According to P. J. R. Moyes -
The basic feature of the Whirlwind was its concentration of firepower: its four closely-grouped heavy cannon in the nose had a rate of fire of 600 lb./minute – which, until the introduction of the Beaufighter, placed it ahead of any fighter in the world. Hand in hand with this dense firepower went a first-rate speed and climb performance, excellent manoeuvrability, and a fighting view hitherto unsurpassed. The Whirlwind was, in its day, faster than the Spitfire down low and, with lighter lateral control, was considered to be one of the nicest "twins" ever built… From the flying viewpoint, the Whirlwind was considered magnificent.[SUP]
[/SUP]
The first Whirlwind squadron would be
263 Squadron, which was reforming at
RAF Grangemouth, after disastrous losses in the Norwegian Campaign. The first production Whirlwind was delivered to 263 Squadron by its commander, Squadron Leader H. Eeles on 6 July. Deliveries were slow, with only five on strength with 263 Squadron on 17 August 1940 and none serviceable. (The squadron supplemented its strength with Hawker Hurricanes to allow the squadron's pilots to fly in the meantime.) No. 263 Squadron moved south to
RAF Exeter and was declared operational with the Whirlwind on 7 December 1940.
Initial operations consisted of convoy patrols and anti
E-boat missions. The Whirlwind's first confirmed kill occurred on 8 February 1941, when an
Arado Ar 196 floatplane was shot down; the Whirlwind responsible also crashed into the sea and the pilot was killed.
From then on the squadron was to have considerable success with the Whirlwind while flying against enemy
Junkers Ju 88,
Dornier Do 217, Messerschmitt Bf 109s and
Focke-Wulf Fw 190s.
263 Squadron also occasionally carried out day bomber escort missions with the Whirlwinds. The squadron mostly flew low-level attack sorties across the channel ("
Rhubarbs" against ground targets and "
Roadstead" attacks against shipping).
The Whirlwind proved a match for German fighters at low level, as demonstrated on 6 August 1941, when four Whirlwinds on an anti-shipping strike were intercepted by a large formation of Messerschmitt Bf 109s and claimed three Bf 109s destroyed for no losses. A second Whirlwind squadron was formed in September 1941, specialising in attacks against railway targets.
In the summer of 1942, both squadrons were fitted with racks to carry two 250 or 500 lb (110 or 230 kg) bombs, and nicknamed 'Whirlibombers'. These undertook low-level cross-channel "Rhubarb" sweeps, attacking locomotives, bridges, shipping and other targets.
The worst losses of 137 Squadron occurred on 12 February 1942 when they were sent to escort five British destroyers, unaware of the escaping German warships
Scharnhorst and
Gneisenau making the
Channel Dash to safer ports. Four of eight Whirlwinds failed to return.
From 24 October until 26 November 1943, Whirlwinds of 263 Squadron made several heavy attacks against the German
blockade runner Münsterland, in dry dock at Cherbourg. As many as 12 Whirlwinds participated at a time in dive bombing attacks carried out from 12,000–5,000 ft (3,700–1,500 m) using 250 lb (110 kg) bombs. The attacks were met by very heavy anti-aircraft fire but virtually all bombs fell within 500 yd (460 m) of the target; only one Whirlwind was lost during the attacks.
The last Whirlwind mission to be flown by 137 Squadron was on 21 June 1943, when five Whirlwinds took off on a "Rhubarb" attack against the German airfield at Poix. P6993 was unable to locate the target and instead bombed a supply train north of
Rue. It later made a forced landing in a field next to
RAF Manston, the aircraft was a write-off, although, as in many other crash landings, the pilot walked away unhurt.
No. 263 Squadron was the first and last squadron to operate the Whirlwind. It flew its last Whirlwind mission on 29 November 1943, converting to the
Hawker Typhoon in December 1943.
On 1 January 1944, the type was declared obsolete.
Bearing in mind the relatively small number of Whirlwinds that reached the RAF, the type remained in combat service, virtually unmodified, for a remarkably long time. The Whirlwind, once mastered, shouldered extensive responsibilities and the two squadrons attacked enemy targets from one end of the Channel to the other, by day and night, by moving from airfield to airfield within southern England.
[SUP]
[/SUP]
No 263 Sqn used
"HE" code letters, as above.
No 137 Sqn used
"SF" code letters.