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- Feb 2, 2011
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JJDESIGNS NEWS UPDATE 1[SUP]st[/SUP] AUGUST 2022
THE CONQUEST OF AMERICA
JAMESTOWN SETTLEMENT
THE ANGLO-POWHATAN WARS
Spain, Portugal, and France moved quickly to establish a presence in the New World. The English did not attempt to establish colonies until many decades after their explorations of John Cabot, with early efforts proving to be failiures, most notably the Roanoke Colony which vanished around 1590.
The Jamestown settlement in the colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. It was located on the northwest bank of the James (Powhatan) river, about 2 ½ miles southwest of the centre of modern Williamsburg.
It was established by the Virginia Company of London, as James Fort on May 4[SUP]th[/SUP] 1607.
The Anglo-Powhatan Wars were three conflicts fought between settlers of the Virginia Colony and Algonquin Indians of the Powhatan Confederacy in the early seventeenth Century.
The first war started in 1609 and ended in a peace settlement in 1614.
After several years of strained co-existence, Chief Opechancanough and his Powhatan Confederacy attempted to eliminate the English colony. This was the start of the second war which was to last from 1622 to 1626.
On the morning of March 22, 1622, the confederacy attacked outlying plantations and communities along the James River in what became known as the Indian Massacre of 1622.
More than 300 settlers were killed in the attack, which was about a third of the colony’s English speaking population.
Jamestown was spared only through a timely warning by a Virginia Indian employee.
Powhatan war practice was to wait and see what would happen after inflicting such a blow, in hopes that the settlement would simply abandon their homeland and move on elsewhere.
However, English military doctrine called for a strong response, and the colonial militia marched out nearly every summer for the next 10 years and made assaults on Powhatan settlements.
Opechancanough was to sue for peace in 1623.
The war lasted until Samuel Argall captured Wahunsenacawh’s daughter Matoaka, better known by her nickname Pocahontas, after which the chief accepted a treaty of peace.
The third war lasted from 1644 until 1646 and ended when Opechancanough was captured and killed. The war resulted in a defined boundary between the Indians and colonial lands that could only be crossed for official business with a special pass.
This situation lasted until 1677 and the Treaty of Middle Plantation which established Indian Reservations following Bacon’s Rebellion.
THE GREAT SIEGE OF MALTA 1565
After some requests from collectors, I decided to paint a couple of the Jamestown militia as Maltese militia….. and liked them so much I decided to start work on a Siege of Malta series.
The Great Siege of Malta occurred in 1565 when the Ottoman Empire attempted to conquer the Island of Malta, then held by the Knights Hospitaller.
The siege lasted nearly four months, from 18[SUP]th[/SUP] May to 11[SUP]th[/SUP] September 1565.
The Knights Hospitaller had been headquartered in Malta since 1530, after being driven out of Rhodes, also by the Ottomans, in 1522, following the Siege of Rhodes.
The Ottomans first attempted to take Malta in 1551 but failed. In 1565, Suleiman The Magnificent, the Ottoman Sultan, made a second attempt to take Malta.
The Knights, who numbered around 500 together with approximately 6,000 foot soldiers, withstood the siege and repelled the invaders. This victory became one of the most celebrated events of Sixteenth Century Europe, to the point that Voltaire said,
“Nothing is better known than the Siege of Malta”.
It undoubtedly contributed to the eventual erosion of the European perception of Ottoman invincibility, although the Mediterranean continued to be contested between Christian coalitions and the Muslim Turks for many years.
The Jamestown and Siege of Malta series should be available in early 2023.
Best wishes and many thanks,
john jenkins
THE CONQUEST OF AMERICA
JAMESTOWN SETTLEMENT
THE ANGLO-POWHATAN WARS
Spain, Portugal, and France moved quickly to establish a presence in the New World. The English did not attempt to establish colonies until many decades after their explorations of John Cabot, with early efforts proving to be failiures, most notably the Roanoke Colony which vanished around 1590.
The Jamestown settlement in the colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. It was located on the northwest bank of the James (Powhatan) river, about 2 ½ miles southwest of the centre of modern Williamsburg.
It was established by the Virginia Company of London, as James Fort on May 4[SUP]th[/SUP] 1607.
The Anglo-Powhatan Wars were three conflicts fought between settlers of the Virginia Colony and Algonquin Indians of the Powhatan Confederacy in the early seventeenth Century.
The first war started in 1609 and ended in a peace settlement in 1614.
After several years of strained co-existence, Chief Opechancanough and his Powhatan Confederacy attempted to eliminate the English colony. This was the start of the second war which was to last from 1622 to 1626.
On the morning of March 22, 1622, the confederacy attacked outlying plantations and communities along the James River in what became known as the Indian Massacre of 1622.
More than 300 settlers were killed in the attack, which was about a third of the colony’s English speaking population.
Jamestown was spared only through a timely warning by a Virginia Indian employee.
Powhatan war practice was to wait and see what would happen after inflicting such a blow, in hopes that the settlement would simply abandon their homeland and move on elsewhere.
However, English military doctrine called for a strong response, and the colonial militia marched out nearly every summer for the next 10 years and made assaults on Powhatan settlements.
Opechancanough was to sue for peace in 1623.
The war lasted until Samuel Argall captured Wahunsenacawh’s daughter Matoaka, better known by her nickname Pocahontas, after which the chief accepted a treaty of peace.
The third war lasted from 1644 until 1646 and ended when Opechancanough was captured and killed. The war resulted in a defined boundary between the Indians and colonial lands that could only be crossed for official business with a special pass.
This situation lasted until 1677 and the Treaty of Middle Plantation which established Indian Reservations following Bacon’s Rebellion.
THE GREAT SIEGE OF MALTA 1565
After some requests from collectors, I decided to paint a couple of the Jamestown militia as Maltese militia….. and liked them so much I decided to start work on a Siege of Malta series.
The Great Siege of Malta occurred in 1565 when the Ottoman Empire attempted to conquer the Island of Malta, then held by the Knights Hospitaller.
The siege lasted nearly four months, from 18[SUP]th[/SUP] May to 11[SUP]th[/SUP] September 1565.
The Knights Hospitaller had been headquartered in Malta since 1530, after being driven out of Rhodes, also by the Ottomans, in 1522, following the Siege of Rhodes.
The Ottomans first attempted to take Malta in 1551 but failed. In 1565, Suleiman The Magnificent, the Ottoman Sultan, made a second attempt to take Malta.
The Knights, who numbered around 500 together with approximately 6,000 foot soldiers, withstood the siege and repelled the invaders. This victory became one of the most celebrated events of Sixteenth Century Europe, to the point that Voltaire said,
“Nothing is better known than the Siege of Malta”.
It undoubtedly contributed to the eventual erosion of the European perception of Ottoman invincibility, although the Mediterranean continued to be contested between Christian coalitions and the Muslim Turks for many years.
The Jamestown and Siege of Malta series should be available in early 2023.
Best wishes and many thanks,
john jenkins
