Re: ewartRe: John Wayne Day on TCM
I wouldn't pay too much attention to that Daily Mail article. Wayne did not dodge the draft. He had a legal exemption. All of those actors mentioned, like Wayne, made their own decisions based on their own circumstances. Jimmy Stewart was a single man; Autry was married but had no children; Fonda was married with 2 kids, Montgomery married with 2 kids, and Reagan married with 1 child. Wayne made a decision not to volunteer and had to live with it. It can't have been an easy decision but it's what he did. Even had he gone into the service the chances are he would have been in Ford's Naval film crew or in the OSS, which he attenpted to get into. -- Al
There have been reams written about Wayne "the warless war hero" most of it derogatory. But Al is correct he most certainly was not a draft dodger due to his marital status (albeit his marriage was disintegrating at the time of Pearl Harbor) he was still technically married and responsible for four young kids therefore not a prime candidate for the draft. FDR had announced that Hollywood had a very important role to play in the war effort and as an example stated that Gary Cooper as
Sergeant York would serve America more than Sergeant Cooper would. Nevertheless hundreds of people from the film industry- much like millions of Americans-enlisted. Some like Fonda, Stewart and Jack Ford enlisted quietly and without any fanfare. Whilst others like Reagan, Gable, Zanuck and Tyrone Power made the process of enlistment an act of public theatre (much like Presley did some 20 years later). But they did all serve.
Wayne was on the cusp of stardom by mid 1942 and stony broke due to his separation and the alimony he had to pay his soon to be ex-wife and upkeep of his kids. Although he flirted many times with the idea of enlisting he finally decided that FDR was right- he could serve America better onscreen and at the same time line his pockets especially as most of Hollywood's leading men were now in the service. But by doing so he was particularly concerned about his stature seen through the eyes of his mentor, John Ford. And he suspected correctly that the director had no time whatsoever for "celluloid soldiers" during wartime.
Ford's anger with his protégé came to a head when Ford made his first film after the war had ended and Ford had returned from his navy service.
They Were Expendable starred Robert Montgomery (who had active service as a PT Boat commander at both Guadalcanal and Normandy) and Wayne. Ford ridiculed Wayne in front of the film crew at every opportunity with comments such as "Duke, can't you manage a salute that at least
looks like you've been in the service".
Probably the cruellest comment about Wayne's non-enlistment I've read that came from Ford was during location shooting on
The Searchers. The liquor fuelled poker game at the end of each shooting day was de rigueur on any Ford movie with a number of actors/technicians gathered to watch the game. A drunken Ford said "Duke tell the boys what you did during the war" Wayne remained silent so Ford continued "Well if you're too embarrassed I'll tell them. Duke and Bond here (Ward Bond was an epileptic and was exempt from serving) sat up every night on a mountaintop listening through earphones for signs that the Japanese were attacking California-such heroics shall not go unrewarded and shall live forever in the annals of history". Both Wayne and Bond left the card game with Wayne threatening to leave the location and fly back to LA.
As illustrated above the guilt Wayne suffered over his failure to enlist endured long after the war ended in fact he never shook it off. I've always believed that this guilt drove him to portray himself as the great American patriot and icon that he became onscreen and often to his detriment.
Bob