tank
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The Kursk Bulge and the battle of Prokhorovka, are still the subject of fierce debate among military history buffs. And one of the reasons for such a dispute is the irretrievable loss of tanks and self-propelled guns that the parties suffered.
More or less balanced estimates give a 4: 1 ratio in favor of the Germans - a number of sources refer to the irretrievable losses of 6,000 tanks and self-propelled guns in Red Army and 1,500 in the “Panzervaffe”. Where did these numbers come from?
According to G.F. Krivosheeva, in the Kursk defensive, Oryol and Belgorod-Kharkov offensive operations conducted during July-August 1943, the Red Army lost 6,064 tanks and self-propelled guns. Muller-Gillebrand reports that the total irrecoverable losses of Wehrmacht equipment in July-August amounted to 1,738 vehicles. The main losses in armored vehicles durring 1943 the Germans suffered near Kursk. Of the 1,738 irrecoverable losses the Nazi tanks some of them were often moved into the column “requires major repairs” and were written off later, which is noted by a number of Russian and Western researchers. Again, it should be remembered that the numbers are not comparable - in the number 6,064 tanks and self-propelled guns by G.F. Krivosheeva got the number of tanks, which went down for major repairs and restoration.
http://lux.e-reading.bz/bookreader...._-_Suhoputnaya_armiya_Germanii._1933-1945.pdf
The fact is that the battle on the Kursk Bulge for Russians consisted of the 3 battles listed above: Kursk Defensive, Oryol and Belgorod-Kharkov Offensive. The Germans, however, under the operation “Citadel", in fact, understood only the part of the Kursk defensive operation. The Kursk Defensive lasted 19 days, from July 5 to July 23, 1943: The Germans mean by operation "Citadel" only the period from July 5 to 17. If we assume that the Wehrmacht and the SS irrevocably lost 1,500 tanks and self-propelled guns in all three operations, then it is obvious that their losses during the operation “Citadel” from July 5 to 17 were significantly lower.
And here a discrepancy arises between a number of sources, as well as Russian official history and the Western researchers.. Previously, it was generally accepted that the German units during the "Citadel" were exsanguinate, and for a long time lost their combat readiness. This is also confirmed by German author Kurt von Tippelskirchwho, after the attempts to cut off the Kursk ledge, points out: “Within a few days it became clear that the German troops, having suffered irreparable losses, were unable to achieve their goals.”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_von_Tippelskirch
However, the Western researchers see the issue differently. They indicate that the Germans, according to various sources, concentrated 2,500 - 2,700 tanks and self-propelled guns, or even a little more, for Operation Citadel. At the same time, irretrievable losses in the armored vehicles during its implementation amounted to several hundred vehicles. For example, according to German researchers Zetterling and Frankson, who worked in the archives of Germany, the irretrievable losses of the South Army group advancing on the south face from July 5 to 17 amounted to only 172 tanks and 18 self-propelled guns, what is, only 190 vehicles. This is confirmed by the German General Heinrici, indicating the irreparable loss in 193 cars.
However, Russian researcher A.S. Tomzov did not agree with such estimates. Tomzov, personally went to Germany and studied German documents. Unlike Zetterling and Frankson, he took into account the fact that the Germans often gave the damaged armored vehicles the status of “requires major repairs”, and than were written off to the scrap. Following the “fate” of German tanks, he came to the conclusion that, taking into account later decommissioned vehicles, the real irretrievable losses of the armored vehicles of Army Group "South" in the period from July 5 to 17 were 290 vehicles. What is the real irrecoverable losses the Germans and that is about one and a half times exceeded the original calculated losses.
https://warspot.ru/users/217-aleksandr-tomzov/published
If we take the number of 290 tanks as the basis, it still turns out that the Soviet troops were only able to scratch the tank units of the German Army Group South. After all, it turns out that irretrievable losses the German amounted vehicles are no more than 20% of their original strength!
According to the Western researchers during the operation “Citadel" the German "Panzerwaffe" did not suffer significant damage, and the Germans stopped the operation solely under the influence of the Allied landing in Sicily and the need to transfer tank units to Italy. The same point of view is confirmed by German military leader Erich von Manstein, reporting that the German troops under his command were quite capable of completing the “Citadel” and defeating the opposing Soviet armies if there weren’t the Hitler order to withdraw the troops ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_von_Manstein
Who is right?
Oddly enough, but both Western researchers. and Russian researchers. are right at the same time. Most likely, the Western researchers are absolutely right that the irretrievable losses of German armored vehicles during Operation Citadel ( from July 5 to July 17) are relatively small. But they completely mistakenly believe that the combat effectiveness of the tank forces is determined by the irretrievable losses of tanks and self-propelled guns.
In fact, of course, the combat readiness of the tank forces from the point of view of equipment is not determined by their irretrievable losses, but by how many tanks remains in service. And here the Germans were not doing well, because the same General Gotthard Fedor August Heinrici cites data that in the operation "Citadel" the German army lost 1,612 tanks and self-propelled guns, 323 of them - irrevocably. Given the fact that the Germans, according to various sources, at the beginning of the operation had from 2 451 to 2 928 units. armored vehicles (it is interesting that the upper limit was not given by Soviet historiography, but by Glanz), it turns out that by July 17 Germans had only 35-45% armored vehicles in combat-ready condition from the original number. If we take as the basis the most common figure of 2,700 German armored vehicles - then it would be only 40% armored vehicles in combat-ready condition. Generally speaking, according to the rules of military science, a millitary unit that has suffered losses more than 50% is considered the incapable of fighting.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthard_Heinrici
The irretrievable losses of the Germans are - from 323 to 485 armored vehicles and this is mean that real German irretrievable losses were about one and a half times higher than their operational reports and that mean that by July 17th the tank units of the Wehrmacht suffered heavy losses and they lost their offensive potential.
And what about the Red Army?
Losses of the Soviet army during the Kursk defensive operation according to G.F. Krivosheeva made 1,614 tanks “beyond retrieve” and this figure includes both combat and non-combat losses ( not only destroyed tanks, but also requiring repairs). Logically speaking, if we compare the Soviet and German tank losses, the numbers of 1,614 Soviet tanks versus 1,612 German tanks (given by Glanzgive) would give us much more accurate picture than 1,614 “beyond retrieve” Russian tanks against 323-485 irretrievably lost German tanks and self-propelled guns.
Of course, such a comparison will also not be correct, because in 1,612 units. German losses included those tanks that have minor faults and do not require major repairs, and the 1,614 Russian tanks and self-propelled guns of the USSR are not included tanks required repairs. On the other hand, we must not forget that the USSR lost 1,614 tanks between July 5 and 23, and German losses from July 5 to July 17.
But in any case, one can be firmly convinced - although the Soviet losses of tanks and self-propelled guns (irretrievable plus returnable) during the operation “Citadel” may have somewhat surpassed the German losses, but not by ten times. They were quite comparable, despite even some gross mistakes of the Red Army commanders, which led to heavy losses. The largest error was the battle near Prokhorovka, held on July 12 what was resulting in unreasonably high losses of Soviet tanks.