The US military almost always would have hardened surface runways. The planes were mostly capable of landing on unfinished runways, but to maintain the aircarft in better combat condition, hardened surface runways were preferred 90% of the time. The SeaBees would spend whatever it took to make airfields with steel mesh runways on a coral base throughout the Pacific Theater. The US would spend a small fortune where ever we built, and continue to build, runways.
The Russians would not even cut the weeds growing around their buidlings let alone maintain hardened surface runways. Most Soviet airfields, except for the Strategic Bomber Force, would be grass. All of their aircarft were designed with some of the strongest undercarriages in history. USN aircraft have to have reinforced undercarriages to survive a carrier landing, but the Russians were designed to survive an airfield landing. Their landing gear was typically the strongest part of the aircraft. Take a look at some Russian aircraft pictures, on the ground, and you will more than likely see nothing but weeds and dirt. I would compare the US and Russian aircraft to something like a Porsche (US) to a dump truck (Russian).
Michael