Building an authentic looking Wigwam for under $5.00 (1 Viewer)

The next photos show the internal structure of the wigwam.

The wigwam was NOT a temporary dwelling. Despite many folk’s first impression these were structurally sound dwellings. The exact same concepts are found in today’s Geodesic Dome Structures. An interesting caption under the Ojibwa picture describes the blending of many Indian construction techniques as the tribes interacted.




NOTE here the way the bark is tied to a light frame. The Structural frame will be outside.











Okay ... enough history ... NOW on how to build the Wigwam. First, the tools and supplies needed.

--- Larry
 
THE TOOLS and SUPPLIES that you will be using to build the 5 different Wigwams

In this post we will take a look at what “tools” and “materials” you will need (some are optional) to build the wigwams shown in this presentation.

There should be very little in the way of tools that you don’t already own and material that you can’t obtain at a very low cost … or that you get for FREE.



The Styrofoam spheres will be used as the form on which we will apply the outer covering.
TIP: There are many sizes available but I used the 6" size. However if your Wigwam is to be larger or smaller than chose an appropriate size.

The elastic bands will hold the pieces in place as they dry.
TIP: These are very important as they save time and fingers!

You will need a sealant such as Mod Podge or Liquitex Gesso to seal the styrofoam sphere spaces, but a white glue and water mix work just as well.

I used white glue such as Elmers to apply the covering to the Styrofoam, but you can use any glue that works on wood/Styrofoam.

The snips are for cutting wooden branches into small pieces and such.

The string (or as an option, Raffia) is used to tie the frames together and the outer support pieces to each other.

The pins are for helping to secure Birch Bark to the Styrofoam.

The sharp pointed tweezers are essential for tying knots and helping to pull string through openings, holding pieces and more

The other items shown, such as the X-Acto blade, tape measure, scissors and note pad are obvious.

Then again without my glasses nothing would ever have been done.



Also you will need a sharp knife or tool to crisply cut the Styrofoam sphere in half and “acrylic” paints and brushes for painting and weathering. Whatever color(s) makes sense to you (and you like) will work.

I used a Burnt Sienna, Burnt Umber, Black, White, Cobblestone Grey, Gray Flannel, Iron Oxide Brown, Dark Chocolate Brown, Leaf Green and English Yew Green.

The long thin blade knife was to cut the opening for the smoke opening.

Sanding sticks for smoothing or ruffing up the wooden pieces and a sharpening stone to keep the X-acto blade sharp.









The outside covering can be whatever you would like.

Here I used the thin end of White Cedar Shingles (as used for home siding), Birch Bark off a Birch tree and Red Cedar bark.
TIP: PLEASE DO NOT strip Birch bark off a live tree as it will hurt or kill the tree. Use only what has blown or fallen off ..

As I stated before the type of material that you have in your front yard should work as well. Instead of White Cedar Shingles simple THIN basswood or Balsa wood will be fine.




Here is the Raffia that I mentioned. It is a better looking solution that string but much harder to work with as it tends to like to unwind and will break if to much tension is applied. I used Raffia on all the models except the FRAME model.


AND FIANLLY and very important ... PRE-BENT wooden branches or sticks .......



TIP: At the start of the project get a bunch of "flexible or bendable" sticks or branches. You should "PRE-BEND" them so when the time comes they are ready to use. If you try to bend dry sticks they will break. If you try to use flexible sticks they will want to pop off the model and make a difficult time. You will want to make as many different radiuses as you think you will need. Some very tight and some much more loose.

QUESTIONS YET?
Please ask them ....

--- Larry
 
Larry...

you're doing a great job in teaching the forum members how to make these structures...

I really appreciate the time and effort you are expending going into so much detail...

keep it up please...

I'm definitely watching...

I would love to see you build one more with step by step pictures after you outline your technique and supplies...but after reading this coupled with our phone conversation...I'm about ready to start gathering materials...
 
Larry...

you're doing a great job in teaching the forum members how to make these structures...

I really appreciate the time and effort you are expending going into so much detail...

keep it up please...

I'm definitely watching...

I would love to see you build one more with step by step pictures after you outline your technique and supplies...but after reading this coupled with our phone conversation...I'm about ready to start gathering materials...

Today you will see Step-by-step instructions and photos to build the 5 Wigwams .... so stay tuned!

--- Larry
 
How-To Build Wigwam type ONE and TWO

Okay so you've seen a bit of definition on what a Wigwam is and you have a good idea of the tools and materials that you'll need to start to construct your own. So lets build one!! {sm4} {sm4}

I will go (small) step-by-step with building this first one since the up-front methods and techniques are common to all the rest of the structures. When we do the other styles the basics are the same so I won't repeat all the same material but I'll show the differences.
If there is to much material presented then let me know and I will cut back ....

So lets begin ...

We will start with Style 1 and 2.

They are very similar, but Style 1 is a faster build but takes more "finagling" to get it right (IMHO); where Style 2 is a slower build but requires less fussing to get it right. ^&confuse Ya' confusing but you'll see.

With Style #1 you will add the cover material in a few passes over the Wigwam; in Style #2 you work you way up detailing as you go.

You decide which works for you and your dioramas ... and which is more FUN!!! And that is the important element.

<><><><><><><><><><><><><><>

*** First get the Styrofoam Sphere, some of the white cedar shingles (or balsa wood) and a piece of junk (flat) Styrofoam (optional as you will see.

TIP: A toy soldier might be helpful for size and scaling.
)






***Carefully mark the Styrofoam sphere along the "diameter" as you want to make sure that the base will be even and flat.




***Again, carefully cut it into two pieces making sure that you don't cut at an angle or gouge the edges.
TIP: I used a seriated knife for best results ..but you can also use a hot wire





***Mark the diameter of the sphere on the flat Styrofoam piece. This is going to give the sphere a bit of height and appeal, but is optional as you will see next.

TIP: make the flat Styrofoam a bit larger than the diameter as you want to bottom covering to "stick" out a bit for visual appeal, rather than straight or (BAD) inwards.







*** Glue the Styrofoam piece to the flat Styrofoam with a white glue.

Here is an example of one with a large flat base and one with a thinner. I used different thicknesses to give the Wigwams a different appearance from one another. Your choice, as always.


TIP: After they dry, lightly sand the top edge of the flat Styrofoam to match the bottom of the Sphere for easier construction later.



 
**** Next, make a white glue and water mix (thick) or use Modpodge or Gesso (The Best Choice)
Cover the entire sphere and base with a couple of coats and put aside to dry.








---- NEXT: Adding the outside material to the structure .... see ya' in a while

--- Larry
 
I love it...
good simple concise detailed directions...
the photos are great illustrations...

what next...^&grin
 
Now let pick up the next step ....

*** With the X-Acto, cut the White Cedar into various size long strips, using ONLY the thin end, not the thick shingle end.




*** Take youR knife and really rough up the edges that are to straight to look like the photo below. Don't worry about overdoing it as the real Wigwams are not cut with saws!






*** Now "BREAK" the strips into various size pieces with just your fingers. DO NOT cut them as they will appear to straight. If they come out crooked and stringy .. GREAT all the better. Remember this is representing peeled bark off a tree and NOT milled lumber.





*** NOW HERE is where we will diverge into TWO possible paths.


I took one sphere and painted it BROWN (this one) and the other I painted WHITE (later). The thought was to make sure that any space I might have missed with a covering was not visible (i.e. white showing) IN this method there is only ONE pass to apply the covering from bottom to top. The other way (later) is multiple passes. We'll see each and you decide what you like.

So for this ... I Painted the sphere a chocolate brown.


TIP At this point you need to measure and cut a door. There is NO right size or wrong size. If you look at my 5 Wigwams you will see all with different size and shapes. They were not necessarily square. After the opening has been cut you should paint the inside "BLACK" or really whatever you would like.


NOW the fun starts .... we will start to apply the White Cedar pieces. At the beginning go around the bottom in a fairly neat and orderly fashion gluing the pieces to the Wigwam (see photo). As we get higher the placement will become more random. Here is where the rubber bands (RB) come in very valuable. After you have done a few wrap a RB or two or more to make sure they are secure and won't shift. This is the longer of the two processes as you might have to wait a while for each layer to dry.





*** Continue to go up the Sphere and applying the tiles -- AT RANDOM. (See photo)

DO NOT apply them side to side like shingles.
Mix big and small, make some crooked and some straight; overlap some and push some up and some down.

When you have the effect you like then use the rubber band to secure and let dry or move to a free space and continue.

Note
: don't let the white glue get onto the surface that will be exposed. When you paint or stain it later on ... the space where the white glue is will appear a bit different. However, we are going to weather and "mess things up later" so even if some does ... no problem.




That should get you going for a while so more later.....

Is this helpful?????
 
A great thread so far !!! Actually one of the best in a long time!!

I really appreciate the comment. I have gotten a lot information and tips off this forum from the VERY talented collectors / designers so it is good to hopefully give a little back.

Enjoy ..{sm4}

--- Larry
 
Back again ....:)

Okay, Lets continue to build up the covering ....




*** As you approach the top it is important to shift gears a bit and now work from the top down as you apply the covering. The reason for this is, if you continue to going from the bottom up you will tend to loose the "roundness" of the shape. It tends to become more pointy!

Also, in real life it was a bit harder for the builder to get things to place and the placement was more random .. or really where the pieces fit best.

As always you can refer to the REAL wigwams in pictures here and on the Internet.






*** After the pieces have dried you can remove the RBs and see your work so far. If there is a mistake, don't fret; simple pry off the piece and reapply or use a new piece ... TRUST me it will look fine.


TIP: ALWAYS, ALWAYS remove the RBs from the top of the Wigwam towards the bottom. That way you won't have the RB catching the bottom of a tile and rip it off and send it flying into the room ....:mad: ... or even worse ... into your face ... believe me .. I know ..{sm2}




*** About now you should cut a (somewhat square) hole in the top of the Wigwam. This is the smoke hole or vent. Be careful not to cover over the top as you will then need to remove the wood piece .. but as before ... no real issue.

The next two photos show the completed Wigwaw covering. Let the pieces dry and enjoy a nice brownie and ice cream.






NEXT: Starting some texturing and painting or staining.


As always send me some questions or post your questions or comments here.
Have fun!


--- Larry
 
Lets finish off for today ...

*** After all is dry, it is time to start so texturing. Remember tree bark is not smooth, so lets make the tiles look a bit more like the bark.

Some of the tiles are already scruffy if you are working with the white cedar. If you are using smooth Balsa or Bass wood then this will add a lot to the look and feel.

In any case we need to gouge up the flat tiles.

Using the X-Acto or some sharp object randomly mark up the tiles. Make sure that you don't make straight and neat lines. You are really more "defacing" the flat than grooving it. Also, this is your last chance to rough up the edges and make the covering look a bit worn and weathered. If you feel the need ... break off a tip of wood here or there; poke a few holes; and rough a tile or two ... as you would like

See the photos for the idea.







*** Now time for the paint or stain !!

I first used a light, light wash of black or DARK brown paint to allow it to sink into all the cracks and lines that we just made.

Then I applied many light washes of browns, greens and other "nature" colors.

NOTE: Pay special attention to the smoke hole on the top and really blacken that up and make it look grungy (Do my friends from down under know what "grungy" means ..{sm4} )

We will add a smoke hole cover later and it will be a bit difficult to get at it after we add that feature.

Also you will want to dirty up the entrance a bit. Play with the colors until you are happy with the result. I believe in many light applications rather than one heavy one .. but your call!

Also at this time you might want to apply some shade of green to the bottom areas to represent moss or algae and a very light dry brush of a gray and/or whites to the tips of shingles and a few highlighted sections on the tiles themselves. All to your particular taste.






That does it for today. I hope it is clear and detailed enough so you can get started on one for yourselves. Tomorrow we will finish off with the outside frame and support structure.

Questions welcomed.


--- Larry
 
Me,too! Great SBS, Larry, I love your method, and my Dutchy senses are tingling at the frugality of your methods ;)

It reminds me of a member of the MFCA who passed away some years ago, Ed Mikus, who made African huts using ice cream cups as a base. Very similar to your method.

I look forward to your next installment!

Prost!
Brad
 
It also occurs to me, you can easily use this technique to make the larger lodges and longhouses of the Great Lakes and Mid-Atlantic Indian tribes, just by using a long core instead of the hemisphere.

Prost!
Brad
 
really enjoyong this thread!

Thank you Mike ... that was hopefully one of the results I was hoping for.

Me,too! Great SBS, Larry, I love your method, and my Dutchy senses are tingling at the frugality of your methods ;)

It reminds me of a member of the MFCA who passed away some years ago, Ed Mikus, who made African huts using ice cream cups as a base. Very similar to your method.

I look forward to your next installment!

Prost!
Brad

Appreciate the comment, Brad.
Yep' I am a dyed in the wool Maine Yankee ... seein' no reason to spend money where there is a savin' to be had .{sm4}

It also occurs to me, you can easily use this technique to make the larger lodges and longhouses of the Great Lakes and Mid-Atlantic Indian tribes, just by using a long core instead of the hemisphere.

Prost!
Brad

Well, I don't want to let the proverbial cat out of the bag ...:rolleyes2: ... but I have a "Indian Longhouse" in the works and well under way. However, I can't find a long core piece of Styrofoam anywhere. I was told there is no such thing, without special order. So I created a very inexpensive way to accomplish the same thing .... but that will be a different thread.

Enjoy
--- Larry
 
Larry,

Great thread, to watch you in action. Maybe you should think about making these for sale, as I'm sure there would be a ready market for them.

Brad
 
Larry,

Great thread, to watch you in action. Maybe you should think about making these for sale, as I'm sure there would be a ready market for them.

Brad

Morning Brad and thank you.
Gee ... I always wanted to be and Action Hero, but I am pretty sure I would probably turn out to be a mix of Bullwinkle the Moose and Inspector Clouseau

--- Larry
 
Really super work, Larry! I knew retirement would agree with you. I really appreciate the amount of time you put into this project and your willingness to take the time to share it with us all.
 
Really super work, Larry! I knew retirement would agree with you. I really appreciate the amount of time you put into this project and your willingness to take the time to share it with us all.

Hey Nick ... thank you for the kind words.
Oh ya' .... retirement is going to be wonderful .... Goodbye Operating Systems Design and HELLO Toy Soldiers and Dioramas ..{sm4} {sm4}

I have a lot more to share so keep checking back to this thread.

--- Larry
 

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