My equipment consists of:
- Nikon D300s DSLR Camera
- AF-S DX 18-200mm f/3.5-5.6G ED VR II lens
- AF-S DX 35mm f/1.8G lens
- Slik AF1100E Tripod
- Studio Lighting System Spiral Fluorescent Light Bank with 4x25w Lamps
As has already been noted lighting is critical in photography. I use the light box listed above that makes use of 4 x 25w 5200K color temp compact fluorescent bulbs.
All pictures are taken off a tripod with a cable release in mirror up mode. SLR cameras have a mirror that redirects light from the lens through the view finder. This normally snaps out of the way when the shutter release is pressed. In mirror up mode the first press of the shutter release snaps the mirror up. The second press of the shutter release takes the picture. The idea behind this is any vibration caused by the movement of the mirror is eliminated. For the point and shoot cameras I would recommend use of the timer.
Sharp pictures of miniatures can be obtained with a combination of good lighting, a good lens, a steady mount, hands off shutter release and proper management of depth of field.
At first glance depth of field is straight forward, the smaller the aperture (higher the f-stop, i.e. f/32) the greater the depth of field. Unfortunately the smaller the aperture the greater the diffraction
http://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/diffraction-photography.htm
For most of the images I take i use a very small aperture (f/20-f/32). This gives considerable depth of field for a tradeoff of some image softness. Depending on the image Photoshop can be used to sharpen a diffraction softened image. If I am after a really sharp image I use a larger aperture (f/8-f/10) which trades depth of field for sharpness.
Another thing to keep in mind when working with depth of field is that there are other factors that affect it. The focal length of the lens and the distance of the subject from the image sensor play a role as well. A short focal length taken from further away will result in more depth of field than a long focal length taken closer.