This is a good thread. Wanted to add my two cents before it goes away. I like when revisionists attempt to attack the decision to bomb Germany and Japan as well as drop the atomic bombs on Japan. It is easy to sit back in comfort and say the wrong decision was made. A few points regarding Japan:
1) Japan had just installed a new premier, Admiral Baron Kantaro Suzuki, in April of ’45 and he was approved because he told the army leaders that Japan’s only course was “to fight to the very end even if it meant the death of one hundred million Japanese”.
2) Truman and his top advisers were reading Japanese diplomatic traffic and knew the Japanese were attempting to negotiate a continuation of the Japanese-Soviet non-aggression pact. This so the million plus Japanese troops in China could be sent to Japan proper.
3) Japanese soldiers did not surrender, at least not in any military unit of any size. Their motto was “Do not live in shame as a prisoner. Die and leave no ignominious crime behind you”.
4) All civilians were being trained as human weapons. Either to strap a bomb on their bodies, use crude weapons like spears or attack with grenades. The Japanese military had hundreds of midget subs and thousands of planes ready for kamikaze duty.
5) Even though we wanted unconditional surrender, we still offered what was eventually settled on after the bombs were dropped. Many critics blame the US and the Potsdam Declaration of unconditional surrender.
6) Even after the bombs were dropped, B-29s and B-32s still continued to bomb until the night of 14/15 August.
Truman made the right decision. He had information available to him that was not made public until the mid 90s and some of that are still blacked out. To top things off, the Japanese never uttered the word surrender. The Emperor stated that Japan must “endure the endurable”. Even after his August 15th recording to the nation, military units attempted to rally the people to fight on. Never in his speech did he say defeat or surrender. Hirohito didn’t give the formal order to lay down arms until Sept 2.
Truman had the guts to make a tough decision which saved hundreds of thousands of lives.